A number system relates quantities and symbols. The base or radix of a number system represents the number of digits or basic symbols in that particular number system.
Decimal is a base (or radix) 10 numeral system. This means that the system has ten symbols or numerals to represent any quantity. These symbols are called Digits. The ten symbols are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 0. decimal number system, also called Hindu-Arabic, or Arabic, number system, in mathematics, positional numeral system employing 10 as the base and requiring 10 different numerals.
Types of Numbers
Real numbers: Real numbers comprise the full spectrum of numbers. They can take on any form – fractions or whole numbers, decimal points or no decimal points. The full range of real numbers includes decimals that can go on forever and ever without end.
For Example: 8, 6, 2 + 
, 3/5 etc.
, 3/5 etc.
Natural numbers: A natural number is a number that comes naturally. Natural Numbers are counting numbers from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ……..
Whole numbers: hole numbers are just all the natural numbers plus zero.
For Example: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and so on upto infinity.
Integers: Integers incorporate all the qualities of whole numbers and their opposites (or additive inverses of the whole numbers) . Integers can be described as being positive and negative whole numbers.
For Example: … –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, . . .
Rational Numbers: All numbers of the form p/q where p and q are integers (q ≠ 0) called Rational numbers.
For Example: 4, 3/4, 0, ….
Irrational Numbers: Irrational numbers are the opposite of rational numbers. An irrational number cannot be written as a fraction, and decimal values for irrational numbers never end and do not have a repeating pattern in them. ‘pi’ with its never-ending decimal palaces, is irrational.
For Example: 
Even Numbers: An even number is one that can be divided evenly by two leaving no remainder, such as 2, 4, 6, and 8.
Odd Numbers: An odd number is one that does not divide evenly by two, such as 1, 3, 5, and 7.
Prime Number: A prime number is a number which can be divided only by 1 and itself. The prime number has only two factors, 1 and itself.
For example: 2, 3, 7, 11, 13, 17, …. are prime numbers.
Composite Number: A Composite Number is a number which can be divided evenly. Any composite number has additional factors than 1 and itself.
For example: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10 …..
Co-primes or Relatively prime numbers: A pair of numbers not having any common factors other than 1 or –1. (Or alternatively their greatest common factor is 1 or –1)
For Example: 15 and 28 are co-prime, because the factors of 15 (1,3,5,15) , and the factors of 28 (1,2,4,7,14,28) are not in common (except for 1) .
Twin Primes: A pair of prime numbers that differ by 2 (successive odd numbers that are both Prime numbers) .
For Example: (3,5) , (5,7) , (11,13) .
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